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Jeep Engines |JEEP WK GRAND CHEROKEE 3.0 TURBO DIESEL ENGINE 11/2010 – 05/2013 Series 1
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By NAPA
Bill McAnally Racing (BMR) has solidified its driver lineup for the 2023 ARCA Menards Series West season and will be led by Las Vegas, Nev., native Tanner Reif. The 17-year-old and two-time race winner in 2022 will drive the No. 16 link hidden, please login to view Chevrolet SS full-time to pursue BMR’s 12th championship. Cole Moore, who earned his first-career victory at All-American Speedway last season, returns to BMR for a partial schedule and will share the seat of the No. 19 Chevrolet SS with La Center, Washington’s Eric Johnson Jr.
Reif delivered an impressive rookie campaign in 2022 by earning two victories at Irwindale Speedway and Evergreen Speedway en-route to a runner-up finish in the championship standings. The sophomore driver is positioned to build on his rookie season and extend BMR’s mark of 107 wins and 11 titles on the tour.
“This is such a great opportunity for me to join BMR and the NAPA Auto Care team,” Reif said. “BMR has been the standard in the West Series for so many years, so to have this chance to join the team is exciting. Last season was great to get a couple wins and compete for a championship, and I know the potential is there to accomplish more this year.”
“We’re excited to have Tanner join the NAPA Auto Care team after the season he put together last year and showing his talent,” team owner Bill McAnally said. “We’ve been fortunate to have a lot of great young drivers be a part of our team in the ARCA Menards Series West that graduated on to the NASCAR national series, and I think Tanner has what it takes to compete for a championship this year and be a threat to win each week.”
Moore finished the 2022 campaign third in the drivers’ championship standings thanks to a victory and an average finish of 7.1, which was tied for third-best in the series. He’ll chase an owners’ points championship along with Johnson Jr., a late model racer who served as a mechanic and spotter for the BMR team last season.
“I’m excited to have Cole return after winning at Roseville last fall and provide an opportunity for Eric to get experience,” McAnally said. “Both of them are going to make a great combination to go after the owners’ points championship and hopefully this gives them a chance to continue their development together throughout the season.”
The ARCA Menards Series West tour will kick off on Friday, March 10th at Phoenix Raceway. Stay connected with the BMR team by following @BMR_NASCAR on Twitter, @bmr_nascar on Instagram, and Bill McAnally Racing on Facebook.
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By Feda Auto parts
1. Depending on the fuel used
According to the different fuel used, automobile engines can be divided into gasoline engine, diesel engine, CNG engine, LPG engine, dual fuel engine and so on five kinds
A. An internal combustion engine that uses gasoline as fuel is called a gasoline engine; Gasoline engine has high speed, low quality, low noise, easy starting and low manufacturing cost.
B. An internal combustion engine that uses diesel as fuel becomes a diesel engine. Diesel engine has higher compression ratio, higher thermal efficiency, better economic performance and emission performance than gasoline.
C. Combustion engines that use compressed natural gas (CNG) as fuel are called CNG engines. Natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane and is burned to produce carbon dioxide and water, is a very safe and environmentally friendly energy source.
D. An internal combustion engine that uses liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel is called LPG engine. LPG has the characteristics of high calorific value, full combustion, and low content of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and sulfide in the exhaust.
E. Internal combustion engines that can use both fuels are called dual fuel engines, such as hydrogen/gasoline engines, LPG/ gasoline engines, CNG/ gasoline engines, and so on.
2. Classification by stroke
According to the different working stroke of the engine, the automobile engine can be divided into four stroke engine and two stroke engine.
A. The internal combustion engine in which the
link hidden, please login to view turns twice (720°) and the piston moves up and down in the cylinder for four strokes to complete one working cycle is called the four-stroke internal combustion engine, which is widely used in automobile engines. B. The crankshaft rotates once (360°) and the piston reciprocates two strokes in the cylinder to complete one working cycle of the internal combustion engine called the two-stroke internal combustion engine.
3. Classified by cooling method
According to different engine cooling methods, automobile engines can also be divided into water - cooled engines and air - cooled engines.
A. The water-cooled engine is cooled by using the coolant circulating in the cylinder body and the cover cooling water jacket as the cooling medium. Water-cooled engine is widely used in modern automobile engine because of its uniform cooling, reliable operation and good cooling effect.
B. The air-cooled engine is cooled by using the air flowing between the cylinder body and the radiator on the outer surface of the cylinder head as the cooling medium.
4. Classify according to the number of cylinders
According to the number of engine cylinder block cylinder, the engine can be divided into single
link hidden, please login to view, double cylinder and multi-cylinder engine. An engine with only one cylinder is called a single cylinder engine; An engine with more than two cylinders is called a multi-cylinder engine, such as three cylinders, four cylinders, five cylinders, six cylinders, eight cylinders, twelve cylinders are all multi-cylinder engines. Modern car engine uses four cylinder, six cylinder, eight cylinder engine.
5. Classification by cylinder arrangement
According to the arrangement of engine cylinders, there are five common forms of automobile engines, which are in-line, oblique, opposed, V and W.
The cylinders of an in-line engine are arranged in a row, usually vertically, but in order to reduce the height, the cylinders are sometimes arranged to tilt or even level; A double-row engine arranges the cylinders in two rows. The Angle between the two rows is less than 180° (generally 90°), called a V-engine. If the Angle between the two rows is equal to 180°, it is called an opposing engine.
6. Classified according to whether the intake system adopts supercharging mode
According to whether supercharged can be divided into non-supercharged and supercharged two categories, gasoline engine more natural inspiratory type; In order to increase the power, the diesel engine adopts supercharging.
7. Sort the piston according to its working mode
According to the piston working mode, the engine can be divided into two categories: reciprocating piston type and rotor piston type. A reciprocating piston engine, referred to as a piston engine, is an engine that uses one or more pistons to convert pressure into rotational kinetic energy. Reciprocating piston engine, the reciprocating linear motion of the piston in the cylinder, through the crankshaft to convert the linear motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft, general engines are used in this form.
The rotor piston engine is referred to as the rotor engine, which drives the engine spindle to rotate through the rotation of the piston in the cylinder.
8. Type by fuel supply
Gasoline engines can also be divided into carburetor and electric injection according to different fuel supply methods.
The carburetor relies on the negative pressure formed by the intake air flow of the engine to absorb and atomize gasoline for combustion work; Carburetor engine fuel supply is the use of the throat set above the throttle, air flow through the throat to produce negative pressure, the gasoline from the main nozzle continuous suction, into the engine intake manifold, into the cylinder.
Its ejector engine is called electronically controlled gasoline injection engine, which consists of intake system, fuel system, electronic control system and so on. It is based on the sensor installed in the near term system of the engine and the body of the sensor perceived information, provided to the computer control system, accurate calculation of the fuel supply required by the engine in various conditions, and to provide the required pulse width to the fuel injector, and then there will be a certain pressure of fuel through the injector into the intake manifold or cylinder. It has much stronger environmental protection than carburetor engine, but also improve the engine inflation efficiency, increase the engine power and torque.
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By Counterman
Here in Northeast Ohio, we recently experienced a “cold snap.” Temperatures dropped below zero degrees Fahrenheit, with wind chills approaching minus 20 F. Needless to say, most people were caught off-guard by the temperatures, and how long that cold weather stuck around.
It highlighted just how much we’re affected by our climate, and for that matter, our cars and trucks. Drivers lost control on highways and had to be towed out of the ditch along the highway, while others weren’t able to start their engine thanks to a weakened battery. I remember many things from my time behind the parts counter, but none more so than this: With each new season comes a pattern of vehicle repairs or needs. You’ll never sell more wiper blades than on a rainy day, and you’ll sell more batteries when temperatures climb or drop to extreme levels. Today, I want to focus on diesel engines and the challenges they face during the winter months.
Diesel engines typically are associated with larger pickups, thanks in part to their workhorse nature and their abundant torque production. But cold weather is rather harsh on diesel fuel and the fuel system. When temperatures dip, it can form into a gel instead of a liquid. Cold diesel fuel is harder to ignite under compression, which means the engine has to crank longer than usual. In extreme cold, the engine might become difficult to start even when the glow plugs are given the time to do their job.
Diesel fuel has changed quite a bit in recent decades. The United States has mandated the use of ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel in an effort to improve air quality. But this also has brought about some chemical changes in the refining process, and with it, some new challenges to overcome. Those chemical changes have caused an increase in paraffin inside the fuel, which can lead to a buildup of wax particles. Those wax particles can form larger crystals that can clog up fuel lines, filters and so on.
Condensation inside the fuel also is a concern. Condensation is a major contributor to rust, cold-weather icing and microorganism growth in warmer weather. Diesel engines can operate much better when corrosion and bacteria growth are prevented.
The Solution: Fuel Additives
Additives aren’t new. In fact, they’re present inside each and every container of oil you carry in your store. When it comes to diesel-fuel additives, they have a simple job to do: Help the diesel fuel to resist the effects of the cold weather. Fuel treatments help to reduce fuel gelling by encapsulating and dispersing those waxy crystals as they’re formed. When done right, this can prevent them from growing large enough to clog any of the components in the fuel system. The fuel is then able to flow more easily through the fuel filters and lines and into the combustion chamber where it can be burned.
Some fuel treatments will contain some or all of the following additives. Lubricity additives help to protect diesel-fuel systems from internal wear. Lubricity additives help the fuel to form a boundary layer of lubrication between the metallic parts inside the fuel system. This film helps to reduce friction between the metal surfaces, and the wear and tear on them. This can extend the life of those components and reduce downtime in the future. Cetane boosters increase the flammability of the diesel fuel, and this allows for a cleaner-burning diesel engine.
What Should You Tell Your Customers?
To most customers, fuel treatments can be thought of as just another routine maintenance item. Most fuel treatments will need to be poured into the fuel tank at each fill-up, but it’s best practice to always reference the usage guidelines from the manufacturer.
If you need help to overcome a cost objection, I wouldn’t suggest trying to scare them with the cost of potential breakdowns or repairs down the road. In my eyes, fuel treatments are simply a “peace-of-mind” sort of sale. Their job is simple, and their objectives are clear. So, if we place ourselves into the customer’s shoes, the benefit they have to offer is the peace of mind that their diesel engine will continue to operate without issue throughout the colder winter months. While it’s true that they can reduce the risk of costly repairs or breakdowns later on, I wouldn’t lead with that thought.
The need for diesel-fuel treatment products will definitely spike as the temperatures start to dip. So, I would invite you to take a few moments to read the labels on the products you carry in your store, and familiarize yourself with what separates one from the next. Then, you’ll be ready to help your customers find the right product for their diesel-powered vehicle.
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By Counterman
CRP Automotive offers Rein Automotive TechSelect Turbo Kits (CRP P/N TRK0007) for some of the most popular BMW applications on the road today. These kits are a solution for turbocharger replacement service and include all of the hoses, gaskets, and hardware necessary to complete the job quickly and efficiently.
Developed with technicians in mind, Rein Automotive TechSelect Turbo Kits include the most recent turbo hose versions, and include all brackets, hardware, and necessary sealing components for installation. This allows shops to order all of the components needed to complete a turbocharger service by using one part number.
Rein Automotive TechSelect Turbo Kits are available for popular BMW applications that use the N54 and N55 engines, including the 335i, 335i xDrive, 335is and 335xi, from model years 2007-2018. Additional coverage is available for vehicles with N20 and N26 engines including the 320i and 328i from 2012-2018, among others.
“We developed these TechSelect kits to make turbocharger replacement easier,” noted David Hirschhorn, CRP Automotive brand director. “As these vehicles reach higher mileage, the turbocharger system begins to wear out and most of the system components can’t be reused. Our TechSelect Turbo Kits provide a one-stop solution, giving technicians confidence in knowing that they have all the necessary parts to complete the job and avoid comebacks.”
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By Counterman
Engine misfires are among the most common issues that a technician must diagnose. However, the biggest problem – from a diagnostic standpoint – is that it’s almost an automatic reaction to blame misfires on the ignition system. Understanding why this is a problem, and the reason it happens, can help you differentiate between ignition-related and non-ignition-related misfires.
There are a couple deep-seated reasons for the blame. To begin with, years ago, before fuel injection and distributorless ignition, the majority of all noticeable misfires were caused by an ignition problem – either a bad spark plug or plug wire. Note that I said noticeable misfires. On today’s vehicles, ignition problems indeed are a common cause of engine misfires … but also a common misdiagnosis. This is where it starts to get interesting.
Carburetors, distributors and plug wires got us through the first 80-plus years of the automobile, and did a great job at it. But the bottom line is that they were simply inefficient fuel and ignition systems. Compared to today’s vehicles, they ran terrible! Once you had a few miles on them, they idled rough, maybe had to warm up a little longer to avoid a stumble, and most cars had their own little idiosyncrasies for starting.
This was the type of performance we were used to, so nothing registered to us as a misfire until it was a “dead” miss. This is a term we as technicians use to refer to a misfire that renders a cylinder completely ineffective, or completely “dead.” These types of misfires shake the entire vehicle to the point where even the most absent-minded of vehicle owners knows something is wrong.
It Was Easy Once
Back in the day, spark plugs had relatively short service intervals – around 10,000 miles – and plug wires were wide-open to abuse and wear. So, not only were they the frequent cause of misfires, but it wasn’t uncommon to open the hood and see a spark jumping from a plug wire to ground, or between wires. This made it easy to diagnose, and if there was no visual cue such as this, a common trick was to use insulated spark plug wire pliers and pull off one wire at a time to see if it made a difference. If you got no change, you found the suspect cylinder. If you got the daylights knocked out of you, you needed a new set of insulated pliers!
This was a sloppy yet effective diagnosis, but by no means an insult; I’ve done it a “million” times. Now, let me get back to the diagnostic problems of a misfire. For complete and correct combustion to occur, you must have the proper amount of air, fuel and spark; you must have the correct amount of compression; and the ignition timing must be correct. So, the possible causes of incomplete combustion could be too much or too little air; too much or too little fuel; lack of or not a strong enough spark; spark at the wrong time; or a mechanical problem that causes insufficient compression.
On old cars, incomplete combustion was common (one reason emissions were so bad), but there was no computer, no electronics to tell us, and as I mentioned, we were used to engines that ran a little rough and didn’t have the best drivability. On today’s vehicles, complete combustion is critical for emissions and fuel economy. This is why the engine control module (ECM) continuously monitors for complete combustion, and while there’s a lot to that, we’ll just focus on the misfire monitor.
The operation of the misfire monitor is primarily based on crankshaft pulses. The ECM continuously monitors crankshaft speed via the crankshaft sensor, and if it sees even the slightest deviation, its logic deduces that some form of incomplete combustion (i.e., a misfire) has occurred. Since any type of incomplete combustion will cause an increase in emissions, a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is stored, and the “Check Engine” light is illuminated.
While the driver of the vehicle might not have noticed anything wrong, the ECM did, and now there’s an annoying light glaring at the driver, enticing them to seek service. As a technician, when we pull the DTCs on a vehicle that seems to run fine, it’s not even a slight surprise to see misfire codes, which are always P0300 for random misfire, or P0301 and up (the last number indicating the cylinder from which the misfire occurred).
When You Assume …
With all of that said, now let’s focus on the diagnostic problem of assuming that a misfire is caused by ignition. Problems such as the slightest pinhole vacuum leak or the slightest loss of fuel delivery from an injector will be detected by the PCM, storing a misfire trouble code. If we allow ourselves to automatically blame it on ignition, a percentage of the time we will be wrong. However, since we know that ignition problems still are common, there are certain signs we look for and certain things we can do to determine if the problem is ignition-related.
To begin with, one telltale sign of an ignition misfire is the flashing “Check Engine” light. As part of emission control, all ECMs will store trouble codes when a misfire is detected. But, when the ECM determines there’s imminent danger of damage to the catalyst, it flashes the “Check Engine” light to get the immediate attention of the driver. This occurs when it picks up a “dead” misfire, with the logic that quite possibly there is excessive unburned fuel coming out of the dead cylinder, which will damage the catalyst.
These “dead” misfires again can be felt by the driver, so a shaking vehicle and a flashing “Check Engine” light go hand-in-hand. While not always, this is usually an ignition problem, and quite often the engine will idle smooth, but under acceleration begin to misfire and flash the light. Most misfire monitors are accurate with the reported cylinder, and a common practice for diagnosis is to swap the coil and plug from the suspect cylinder with those from another. More often than not, the misfire will move, and while it feels the same, the ECM will instantly report the misfire from the other cylinder.
Rolling back the clock again, even in the age of the carburetor, technicians knew that misfires could be caused by multiple factors aside from ignition, and if a car had a misfire that wasn’t blatantly obvious, we relied on an oscilloscope to be able to “look” at the operation of the ignition system on a screen, which allowed us to compare the efficiency of all cylinders and deduce whether the problem was ignition-related, or caused by another factor.
These tools and techniques still are relevant today, but there are more special-tool requirements for more vehicles, as opposed to one set of test leads that you could hook up to any make or model. As technicians, we always take into account all of the factors that can cause a misfire, so as not to misdiagnose it. However, we may not always have the required equipment to view ignition waveforms, so we continue our inspection with more signs that can indicate an ignition-related misfire.
Spark Plugs and Critters
Naturally, worn spark plugs can cause a misfire. If you know the mileage on them, it can help you decide whether it’s time for replacement. Once they’re removed, excessively worn electrodes are a good clue.
It’s always important to look for wiring damage. Coil wiring can be inviting for rodents, so a close inspection always is a good idea. Carbon tracking is another tell-tale sign of an ignition misfire. The high-voltage spark produced in the coil finds its path to ground by jumping across the gap of the spark plug. Electricity always takes the easiest path to ground, and if it finds an easier way than the spark plug gap, it’ll go there.
Spark plug wire or coil boots are designed to insulate the high voltage, but problems can cause the spark to travel under the boot and ground to the base of the spark plug. Carbon is a byproduct of an electrical spark, and a high-voltage spark traveling between the wire boot and plug will leave its “footprint” via a carbon track.
Carbon tracking also can be visible inside a distributor cap, and where you find it, you can be sure of an ignition misfire. A final visual indicator of an ignition misfire can be oil in the spark plug wells. Many of today’s cars are designed with spark plugs in the center of the combustion chamber. It’s common in these designs for the well seals to leak, and oil can work its way up underneath the coil boot and cause a misfire.
During any type of diagnosis, we always use sight, sound and smell as our most important tools. Even if you can’t see it, you get used to the sound of a jumping spark, and this can be an indicator of an ignition misfire. You also might smell excessive fuel at the tailpipe. There are other indicators with scan-tool data that can give you a clue as to whether you have an ignition misfire, but you have to be careful.
If you have an ignition misfire and excessive fuel is being introduced into the exhaust, the engine-management system will recognize this as well and make adjustments to fuel delivery, which can alter engine data and the smell from the exhaust.
As you can see, this is a really deep hole, and the bottom line is engine misfires can be difficult to diagnose at times due to the sensitivity of modern engine-management systems. However, a thorough inspection and careful mindset will allow you to head off an ignition misfire before getting too deep into additional diagnostics.
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