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Front and rear bumpers of various brands of automobiles
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By Counterman
To hear my mother tell it, getting me up and ready for school in the mornings was an exercise in her patience. I don’t remember it quite that way, but I do recall regularly hearing the phrase “get your rear in gear, or you’re gonna be late!” These days, I’m generally the first person at work in the morning, spending an hour gearing up for the day ahead, and the only rear end gears I have to worry about are inside differential cases.
Identification of an axle/differential generally defaults to the ring gear diameter. Most OEMs refer to their axle assemblies using a combination of callouts, including ring gear, axle manufacturer (corporate, Dana, American Axle, Sterling, etc.) and diff cover bolt count. At the counter, we use these as shorthand for identifying the customer’s needed components. There are generally enough identifying characteristics for us to decide between any available options, but some diffs are a little different.
Dana axles are found in a wide variety of light trucks and SUVs, and are so well-known that we generally catalog parts based solely on the legacy Dana model number (with 30, 35, 44, 50, 60, 70, 80 being the most common), rather than ring gear diameter or cover bolt count. These Dana axles all feature “10-bolt” covers, so that’s a non-starter to an identification conversation. The model 50, 60 and 70 all share a diff cover design, so size and shape won’t help there, either. The Model 50 was used exclusively as a Ford front differential, leaving the 60 and 70 as the only confusing rear option. Identification through casting or tag numbers, when available, is still the best option. Ring gear diameter for each model is as shown here:
MODEL: 30 35 44 50 60 70 80
Diameter: 7.2” 7.562” 8.5” 9” 9.75” 10.5” 11.25”
Dana/Spicer has widely replaced most of these legacy models, and introduced a new model numbering convention. With names like M186, M226, M235 and more, we can now easily determine ring gear diameter, now expressed in millimeters as part of the model number. There can be some confusion, as Dana and the vehicle OEMs continue to refer to the legacy Dana model numbers these new models were based on. Application information continues to be of the utmost importance when selecting between similar Dana configurations!
Most of our differential parts sales are bearings, seals, gaskets and lubricants. Once ring gear diameter has been identified, we are usually in the clear, unless the customer also needs a replacement ring and pinion gear set. When selecting ring and pinion sets, we also require the gear ratio, which can be found by dividing the number of teeth on the ring gear by the number of teeth on the pinion shaft. A differential with a 3.42:1 gear ratio has 41 teeth on the ring gear, and 12 teeth on the pinion gear (41÷12=3.42). To rotate the ring gear (and therefore the wheels) one complete revolution, the pinion shaft (and the driveshaft) must turn 3.42 times. These numbers can be confusing, since “lower” gear ratios are actually represented by larger numbers, and vice-versa. (For example, a truck running 4.10:1 gears is geared lower than the same truck with 3.42:1 gears, even though the first number in the ratio is larger.)
Selecting the correct gear ratio for a stock replacement ring and pinion set is important for two reasons: First, altering the differential gear ratio on a rear-wheel-drive vehicle can affect fuel economy, cruising speed, towing performance, and engine RPM, either running at higher engine RPM (which occurs when a gear lower than the original is installed), or giving up low-end power and torque (which happens when a higher gear ratio than the original is used). The second reason concerns four-wheel-drive vehicles driven on pavement. The front and rear differentials must share the same gear ratio (within approximately 1%), otherwise binding or breakage may occur in the drivetrain, as the two dissimilar gearsets attempt to rotate at different speeds.
For off-road, performance, or racing applications, you may also encounter instances where the customer is changing their gear ratio. Understanding the effects of installing higher and lower ratio gearsets should help you both agree on the appropriate ring and pinion for their particular needs. So, whether you are called upon to supply a single bearing, or to assemble a full assortment of axle components, differential component sales needn’t be “diff”icult!
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By austinbearing
Hello, everyone.We are an auto bearing manufacturer from China.
We produce Peugeot, Renault, Fiat and some other aut bearings.
Contact me if you're interested.
WhatsApp: +8613775640157
E-mail: [email protected]
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By Counterman
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link hidden, please login to view and link hidden, please login to view have announced an agreement for First Brands to acquire the Lamps and Accessories business of Lumileds for $238M. Under First Brands, the Lamps and Accessories business will continue to expand its global offerings and position its products and brands in the automotive accessories sector, according to the latest press information. The sale is expected to close in the 2nd calendar quarter of 2024.
As part of the acquisition,
link hidden, please login to view‘ automotive lamps factories in China, Germany and Poland will transfer with the Lamps and Accessories business. Lumileds said it will retain its factories and sites in The Netherlands, United States, Malaysia, Singapore, Germany and Jiaxing, China. “The automotive OEM lighting go-to-market synergies and conditions that made the union of Lumileds and Philips automotive lighting business so compelling nearly a decade ago have changed as transportation manufacturers have adopted LEDs as their standard light source and traditional automotive light sources have transitioned to primarily an automotive aftermarket business,” said Steve Barlow, Lumileds CEO. “Our Lamps and Accessories and our LED businesses are industry leaders in their respective markets and will be free to focus on the ongoing growth of their unique brands, channels and customers.”
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By Esacivic
Hey y’all I have a 1989 Honda civic hatch and I’m looking to build up a strong suspension but I’m unsure of some quality brands for them. I’m looking for anti roll bars that are beefier then stock, full control arms all around, camber kits front and rear, sway bar.
any and all help is appreciated thank you
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By Counterman
Photo caption: Devonte Wilson, a Congressional aide for U.S. Rep. Jeff Jackson, visits MANN+HUMMEL’s manufacturing plant in Gastonia, North Carolina.
MANN+HUMMEL’s North American aftermarket brands – WIX Filters, Purolator Filters and MANN-FILTER – announced support for the Right-to-Repair campaign.
Spearheaded by the Auto Care Association, the initiative is focused on the passage of H.R. 906, the “Right to Equitable and Professional Auto Industry Repair (REPAIR) Act.” This bipartisan legislation provides the right for independent repair shops and aftermarket businesses to access critical information, tools and equipment needed to maintain and repair vehicles at a fair and reasonable cost.
Ultimately, the bill helps ensure the preservation of consumer choice, a fair marketplace and the continued safe operation of the nation’s 292 million registered passenger and commercial motor vehicles, 70% of which are maintained by independent repair facilities.
To support the campaign, representatives from MANN+HUMMEL’s North American leadership recently met with the legislative staff for U.S. Rep. Jeff Jackson of North Carolina’s 14th Congressional District to encourage passage of the legislation, which currently has 49 sponsors.
“Consumer choice is the pounding heartbeat of the aftermarket industry, and competition in the marketplace drives improved service and affordability,” said Daryl Benton, VP of sales & marketing – Aftermarket North America for MANN+HUMMEL. “The Right to Repair maintains a level playing field for independent repair shops and do-it-yourselfers as vehicle systems become increasingly complex and the cost of regular service and maintenance escalates.”
The Right-to-Repair movement has gained momentum in recent years. In November 2020, Massachusetts voters approved a ballot measure supporting a Right-to-Repair initiative with 75% of the vote, and Maine voters approved a similar ballot measure in November 2023 with over 80% of the vote.
In May 2021, the Federal Trade Commission published its “Nixing the Fix” report, which supported reinvigorated regulatory options and consumer education to provide consumers and independent repair shops with appropriate access to replacement parts, instructions, and diagnostic software.
Additionally, President Joe Biden issued an executive order on “Promoting Competition in the American Economy” in July 2021 to encourage the FTC to use its statutory authority in addressing anti-competitive repair restrictions.
To learn more about the Right-to-Repair campaign and access tools to engage with elected officials, visit
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