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How To: Replace Rear Shock Absorbers
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By CALEPH Auto Parts
The car air filter is an important part of the engine intake system. Its main function is to filter out dust and impurities in the air entering the engine to protect the normal operation of the engine. Regular inspection and replacement of air filters is essential to maintain vehicle performance and fuel efficiency.
When to replace the car air filter?
Generally speaking, the recommended replacement cycle of the air filter is 10,000 to 20,000 kilometers, but this cycle varies according to the vehicle's use environment and driving conditions. If you often drive in dusty or poor air quality environments, you may need to replace it more frequently. For example, in areas with heavy sand and dust, it may need to be cleaned every 5,000 to 7,500 kilometers, while in severely polluted environments, it may need to be checked every 3,000 kilometers. If the air filter is blocked, the indicator light alarm should also be replaced immediately.
How to check the air filter?
1. Open the engine hood and find the location of the air filter.
2. Check whether there is dust accumulation on the outside of the air filter.
3. Gently tap or use compressed air to blow the filter element from the inside to the outside to remove dust.
4. If the filter element is black or damaged, or if there is too much dust after beating, it is recommended to replace it.
Steps to replace the air filter:
1. Determine the location of the air filter and open the engine hood.
2. Remove the screws or buckles that fix the air filter box.
3. Take out the old air filter and clean the dust in the filter box.
4. Install the new air filter and ensure that it is well sealed.
5. Reinstall the air filter box and close the engine hood.
Note:
During the replacement process, make sure to use a genuine air filter that matches the vehicle model.
Be careful not to damage the filter element when replacing it, and avoid contamination of the filter element by oil or other impurities.
Check whether the seal of the air filter box is intact. If it is damaged, it should be replaced in time.
Please check and replace the air filter regularly according to your vehicle usage and environmental conditions, combined with the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer, to ensure the best performance of the engine and extend its service life. If you are not sure how to do it, it is recommended to consult a professional auto repair technician.
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By roybrakepad
1. By formula
Brake pads for a Toyota can cost anywhere between $150 per axle and $450 per axle depending on the type of brake pad desired.
As for different formulas, Popular brake pad types in the market usually is semi-metallic brake pads, low metallic brake pads, and ceramic brake pads.
As material price is not same. With the same brand, the price of Ceramic brake pads is the highest, semi-metallic brake pads are second, and low metallic brake pads are the cheapest.
2. By brand
There many brand on market, famous brand as following is more popular.
Akebono Brake Corporation
Brembo
Bosch
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TRW Automotive
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By Counterman
To hear my mother tell it, getting me up and ready for school in the mornings was an exercise in her patience. I don’t remember it quite that way, but I do recall regularly hearing the phrase “get your rear in gear, or you’re gonna be late!” These days, I’m generally the first person at work in the morning, spending an hour gearing up for the day ahead, and the only rear end gears I have to worry about are inside differential cases.
Identification of an axle/differential generally defaults to the ring gear diameter. Most OEMs refer to their axle assemblies using a combination of callouts, including ring gear, axle manufacturer (corporate, Dana, American Axle, Sterling, etc.) and diff cover bolt count. At the counter, we use these as shorthand for identifying the customer’s needed components. There are generally enough identifying characteristics for us to decide between any available options, but some diffs are a little different.
Dana axles are found in a wide variety of light trucks and SUVs, and are so well-known that we generally catalog parts based solely on the legacy Dana model number (with 30, 35, 44, 50, 60, 70, 80 being the most common), rather than ring gear diameter or cover bolt count. These Dana axles all feature “10-bolt” covers, so that’s a non-starter to an identification conversation. The model 50, 60 and 70 all share a diff cover design, so size and shape won’t help there, either. The Model 50 was used exclusively as a Ford front differential, leaving the 60 and 70 as the only confusing rear option. Identification through casting or tag numbers, when available, is still the best option. Ring gear diameter for each model is as shown here:
MODEL: 30 35 44 50 60 70 80
Diameter: 7.2” 7.562” 8.5” 9” 9.75” 10.5” 11.25”
Dana/Spicer has widely replaced most of these legacy models, and introduced a new model numbering convention. With names like M186, M226, M235 and more, we can now easily determine ring gear diameter, now expressed in millimeters as part of the model number. There can be some confusion, as Dana and the vehicle OEMs continue to refer to the legacy Dana model numbers these new models were based on. Application information continues to be of the utmost importance when selecting between similar Dana configurations!
Most of our differential parts sales are bearings, seals, gaskets and lubricants. Once ring gear diameter has been identified, we are usually in the clear, unless the customer also needs a replacement ring and pinion gear set. When selecting ring and pinion sets, we also require the gear ratio, which can be found by dividing the number of teeth on the ring gear by the number of teeth on the pinion shaft. A differential with a 3.42:1 gear ratio has 41 teeth on the ring gear, and 12 teeth on the pinion gear (41÷12=3.42). To rotate the ring gear (and therefore the wheels) one complete revolution, the pinion shaft (and the driveshaft) must turn 3.42 times. These numbers can be confusing, since “lower” gear ratios are actually represented by larger numbers, and vice-versa. (For example, a truck running 4.10:1 gears is geared lower than the same truck with 3.42:1 gears, even though the first number in the ratio is larger.)
Selecting the correct gear ratio for a stock replacement ring and pinion set is important for two reasons: First, altering the differential gear ratio on a rear-wheel-drive vehicle can affect fuel economy, cruising speed, towing performance, and engine RPM, either running at higher engine RPM (which occurs when a gear lower than the original is installed), or giving up low-end power and torque (which happens when a higher gear ratio than the original is used). The second reason concerns four-wheel-drive vehicles driven on pavement. The front and rear differentials must share the same gear ratio (within approximately 1%), otherwise binding or breakage may occur in the drivetrain, as the two dissimilar gearsets attempt to rotate at different speeds.
For off-road, performance, or racing applications, you may also encounter instances where the customer is changing their gear ratio. Understanding the effects of installing higher and lower ratio gearsets should help you both agree on the appropriate ring and pinion for their particular needs. So, whether you are called upon to supply a single bearing, or to assemble a full assortment of axle components, differential component sales needn’t be “diff”icult!
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