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A common topic today surrounding flat tappet lifters is the need for zinc in the engine oil to prevent wear. But what exactly is the reason? Let’s take a quick look at flat tappets and what they need to survive.

On traditional flat-tappet lifters, the base of the lifter may look flat, but it’s convex, with the center being about .001” to .002” higher than the edge. The lobes on a flat-tappet cam are slightly tapered, and the centerline of the lifters are slightly offset in relation to the cam lobes. This causes the lifters to rotate as the cam turns, which helps reduce friction and wear.

But there’s more to it. The contact surface between the cam lobes and lifters is the highest loaded surface in an engine and the break-in process for a flat-tappet cam and lifters is very critical to promote the rotation of the lifters as they wear in with the cam. This is necessary to prevent immediate and future wear and damage to the camshaft.

However, because of this highly loaded surface, even after break-in, flat tappets and cam lobes need a wear barrier where they contact each other to prevent damage. Take away that wear barrier and it spells trouble. Due to emission regulations, ZDDP additives have been removed from modern engine oil, and the ZDDP, or zinc, was that wear barrier!

How does it work? ZDDP is not a lubricant, but once it gets hot and comes under pressure, it becomes a metal treatment that adheres to the metal surface of the cam lobes and lifters and becomes the wear barrier between them.

If you’re running a flat-tappet cam, you must use specific ZDDP motor oil or additives to prevent rapid wear.

This isn’t a problem on modern engines. In the ‘80s, roller lifters began to see regular use in production vehicles. As emission regulations got stricter and ZDDP was removed from engine oil, the lack of it had no effect on these engines due to the reduced friction of the roller.

For breaking in a new camshaft and lifters, ZDDP is required, but so is assembly lube. Since the zinc in engine oil isn’t effective until it gets hot, the assembly lube prevents damage until the zinc breaks down and builds up on the metal surfaces.

It’s also important to use a pre-blended break-in oil with the correct ZDDP level designed for break-in. Too high a level of ZDDP can slow the break-in process and too much zinc can cause additional wear.

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