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By Counterman
To hear my mother tell it, getting me up and ready for school in the mornings was an exercise in her patience. I don’t remember it quite that way, but I do recall regularly hearing the phrase “get your rear in gear, or you’re gonna be late!” These days, I’m generally the first person at work in the morning, spending an hour gearing up for the day ahead, and the only rear end gears I have to worry about are inside differential cases.
Identification of an axle/differential generally defaults to the ring gear diameter. Most OEMs refer to their axle assemblies using a combination of callouts, including ring gear, axle manufacturer (corporate, Dana, American Axle, Sterling, etc.) and diff cover bolt count. At the counter, we use these as shorthand for identifying the customer’s needed components. There are generally enough identifying characteristics for us to decide between any available options, but some diffs are a little different.
Dana axles are found in a wide variety of light trucks and SUVs, and are so well-known that we generally catalog parts based solely on the legacy Dana model number (with 30, 35, 44, 50, 60, 70, 80 being the most common), rather than ring gear diameter or cover bolt count. These Dana axles all feature “10-bolt” covers, so that’s a non-starter to an identification conversation. The model 50, 60 and 70 all share a diff cover design, so size and shape won’t help there, either. The Model 50 was used exclusively as a Ford front differential, leaving the 60 and 70 as the only confusing rear option. Identification through casting or tag numbers, when available, is still the best option. Ring gear diameter for each model is as shown here:
MODEL: 30 35 44 50 60 70 80
Diameter: 7.2” 7.562” 8.5” 9” 9.75” 10.5” 11.25”
Dana/Spicer has widely replaced most of these legacy models, and introduced a new model numbering convention. With names like M186, M226, M235 and more, we can now easily determine ring gear diameter, now expressed in millimeters as part of the model number. There can be some confusion, as Dana and the vehicle OEMs continue to refer to the legacy Dana model numbers these new models were based on. Application information continues to be of the utmost importance when selecting between similar Dana configurations!
Most of our differential parts sales are bearings, seals, gaskets and lubricants. Once ring gear diameter has been identified, we are usually in the clear, unless the customer also needs a replacement ring and pinion gear set. When selecting ring and pinion sets, we also require the gear ratio, which can be found by dividing the number of teeth on the ring gear by the number of teeth on the pinion shaft. A differential with a 3.42:1 gear ratio has 41 teeth on the ring gear, and 12 teeth on the pinion gear (41÷12=3.42). To rotate the ring gear (and therefore the wheels) one complete revolution, the pinion shaft (and the driveshaft) must turn 3.42 times. These numbers can be confusing, since “lower” gear ratios are actually represented by larger numbers, and vice-versa. (For example, a truck running 4.10:1 gears is geared lower than the same truck with 3.42:1 gears, even though the first number in the ratio is larger.)
Selecting the correct gear ratio for a stock replacement ring and pinion set is important for two reasons: First, altering the differential gear ratio on a rear-wheel-drive vehicle can affect fuel economy, cruising speed, towing performance, and engine RPM, either running at higher engine RPM (which occurs when a gear lower than the original is installed), or giving up low-end power and torque (which happens when a higher gear ratio than the original is used). The second reason concerns four-wheel-drive vehicles driven on pavement. The front and rear differentials must share the same gear ratio (within approximately 1%), otherwise binding or breakage may occur in the drivetrain, as the two dissimilar gearsets attempt to rotate at different speeds.
For off-road, performance, or racing applications, you may also encounter instances where the customer is changing their gear ratio. Understanding the effects of installing higher and lower ratio gearsets should help you both agree on the appropriate ring and pinion for their particular needs. So, whether you are called upon to supply a single bearing, or to assemble a full assortment of axle components, differential component sales needn’t be “diff”icult!
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By roybrakepad
Typically, our customers demand the following from brake pads:
Braking performance. Good pedal feel. No noise (no long, sharp noise or other annoying noises), little to no dust. No vibration during braking. Long-lasting durability. link hidden, please login to view
To meet these demands, KETULLA, as a professional brake pad factory, invests in research and development to formulate friction material compounds suitable for market needs， Types of brake pads:
link hidden, please login to view, link hidden, please login to view, link hidden, please login to view. The reason for adding ceramic fibers to the friction material mixture is that ceramic fibers are stable and significantly enhance the performance of the friction material. On the other hand, adding metal fibers to the friction material is for heat dissipation, especially when used in brake pads that can generate high temperatures.
The ceramic formulation provides a smoother pedal feel, whether the pads are at normal or high temperatures because the friction coefficient of ceramic brake pads decreases slower than that of semi-metallic. Additionally, ceramic formulations produce minimal noise and vibration, resulting in quieter braking with less damage to the brake discs. Ceramic pads hardly produce any dust, keeping the wheels clean and extending their lifespan. The craftsmanship of ceramic pads is superior, visibly appearing grayish-white, and nearly no dust is visible on the wheels.
Furthermore, the dust generated during braking with ceramic formula products is minimal, keeping the wheels clean and prolonging their lifespan. Despite having many advantages compared to other formulations, the ceramic formula is still not suitable for heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks used for towing or hauling, where semi-metallic pads would be more appropriate.
Semi-metallic formulations have a higher content of friction material fibers (reaching 45-50%), providing excellent heat dissipation performance. Compared to ceramic and low-metallic formulas, they can better handle high temperatures. Below 500°C, ceramic formula products wear less than semi-metallic. Above 500°C, the performance and wear of semi-metallic formula products are the best, but the likelihood of noise and brake squeal increases. Ketulla has addressed these issues by redeveloping semi-metallic brake pads to avoid the possibility of squealing at high temperatures. This is achieved by incorporating advanced materials such as graphene into the mixture and using a balanced ratio, which has been widely accepted by more purchasers.
The disadvantages and advantages of ceramic and semi-metallic brake pads
Advantages of KETULLA Ceramic Brake Pads:
Minimal thermal fade: During continuous braking, even when brake temperatures instantly rise above 500 degrees Celsius, they do not melt and still maintain excellent braking performance. High braking force, resulting in shorter braking distances. Low probability of noise generation. Excellent braking performance in wet conditions and on slippery roads, without squealing. Prolongs the lifespan of brake discs: Ceramic brake pads, as they do not contain metal fibers, do not cause scratches on brake discs, making them more friendly to brake discs. Disadvantages:
Higher price: Ceramic brake pads are priced 30% higher than semi-metallic brake pads. Soft braking feel: This is not necessarily a disadvantage, but rather a characteristic of ceramic brake pads. link hidden, please login to view -
By roybrakepad
Akebono Brake Corporation
Known for its advanced ceramic technology, Akebono provides high-quality OEM and aftermarket brake pads. Their products are recognized for low noise and dust, and superior braking performance. Brembo
A global leader in braking systems, Offers premium brake pads with excellent stopping power. Their products are widely used in high-performance and luxury vehicles, including various Toyota models. Bosch
Bosch brake pads are known for their durability and consistent performance. They offer a range of options including semi-metallic, ceramic, and organic brake pads suitable for Toyota cars.
link hidden, please login to view With 24 years of experience, Frenobrake is recognized for its comprehensive range of brake pads and certifications. They provide both OEM and aftermarket solutions with a focus on quality and customer satisfaction. TRW Automotive
Part of the ZF Group, TRW offers high-quality brake pads with a focus on safety and performance. Their products are widely used in the automotive industry and come with various certifications. If you are new to the industry, finding the best Toyota brake pad manufacturers and suppliers may not be an easy task. You need to take your time, do a lot of research and ask, and get the best deal for your clients.
In addition, you need better relationships and contacts to help you get the best Toyota vehicle brake pads, which will make you a reputable dealer and, at the same time, ensure some good profits. Remember to check the brake pads of all Toyota vehicles brake pads.
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By Max
We offer photo sets of spare parts for your online store (by manufacturer brands).
Good quality photos, no logos or watermarks. Resolution from 3Mpix.
HEPU ( Timing Belt Kit, Water Pump) - 957 images.
BOSCH (Brake Pads, Brake Shoes) - 1024 images.
GATES (Belts, Timing Kits, Water Hoses, Pulleys, Thermostats) - 2081 images.
ZIMMERMANN ( Brake Pads, Brake Shoes, Brake Discs, Brake Drums)
List of available photos IMAGES.xlsx
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By austinbearing
Hello, everyone.We are an auto bearing manufacturer from China.
We produce Peugeot, Renault, Fiat and some other aut bearings.
Contact me if you're interested.
WhatsApp: +8613775640157
E-mail: [email protected]
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