Toyota Engine Families: Back to Basics

[Counterman]

Toyota made a name for itself in America by thinking small. At a time when American automakers were still clinging to V8 power, Toyota was quietly producing fuel-efficient compact cars and trucks powered by inline-fours. Beginning with the R series engine in the 1958 Toyopet Crown, the Japanese automaker would offer US drivers inline engines for the next 30 years before introducing its first V6 in the 1988 Camry. The VZ series sixes were soon followed by the first UZ series V8 with the debut of the 1990 Lexus LS400.  

These early Toyota engine “families” are further identified by an alphanumeric code indicating the block’s generation, the engine family or series, and major features like fuel injection, turbocharging and valve angle. The leading number or numbers is a sequential accounting of each generation, followed by a letter (or pair of letters) assigned to the family, and finally, a suffix to highlight those variations in features. These family codes do not directly signify displacement, only the basic architecture of the block. 

Over its 40-year run, the “R series” went through 22 generations, with the “final boss” being the ubiquitous 2.4L known as the 22R-E. Powering thousands of compact Hilux trucks and 4Runners along the way, it is still one of Toyota’s most beloved engines from the era. It was finally replaced by the RZ series in 1995, after the introduction of the Tacoma and T100 platforms. The 2RZ-FE was a 2.4L used in 4×2 Tacomas, while the larger 2.7L 3RZ-FE found a home under the hoods of 4×4 Tacomas, 4Runners and the midsize T100.

Toyota had helped popularize the compact pickup in America, but it soon found itself growing toward the lucrative full-size market. Thanks to a 3.4L 5VZ-FE engine available in the Tacoma and T100, Toyota finally had a V6 to help it move toward creating its biggest truck yet… the 2000 Tundra. This platform would be in direct competition with The Big Three, and required an optional V8 to compete effectively. 

Using the aluminum Lexus 1UZ-FE engine as a starting point, the cast-iron 2UZ-FE was developed in Alabama specifically for the American market. At 4.7L, the four-cam, 32-valve engine proved capable, but was soon replaced by the UR series in two phases. The aluminum 5.7L 3UR-FE debuted in 2007, and remains the largest displacement Toyota V8 ever produced. By 2010, the smaller 4.6L 1UR-FE block had replaced the last of the UZ family engines. The 1GR-FE, a 4.0L V6, soldiered on between 2004-2015 as the “in-between” engine shared by both Tacoma and Tundra.

2021 would see the end of Toyota’s “growth” in the truck market. With the 2022 model year, the V8 quietly disappeared, leaving Toyota with a series of 4 and 6 cylinder engines featuring their “Dynamic Force” engine technologies. These turbocharged “I-FORCE” engines are (once again) a 2.4L in the Tacoma and a 3.4L in the Tundra, with hybrid versions of each engine receiving an “I-FORCE MAX” designation. 

Thirty years on from the first Tacoma (and 20 since the Tundra), Toyota has returned to its beginnings. With small displacements, big efficiencies and a reputation for building reliable vehicles on a global scale, Toyota is still Moving Forward.

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